[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.hztop.cz\/uzasny-svet-pod-elektronovym-mikroskopem\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.hztop.cz\/uzasny-svet-pod-elektronovym-mikroskopem\/","headline":"\u00da\u017easn\u00fd sv\u011bt pod elektronov\u00fdm mikroskopem","name":"\u00da\u017easn\u00fd sv\u011bt pod elektronov\u00fdm mikroskopem","description":"Co nevid\u00edm, tomu nev\u011b\u0159\u00edm. To je p\u0159\u00edstup mnoha lid\u00ed, jednu z v\u00fdjimek si m\u016f\u017eeme prohl\u00e9dnou ve filmu D\u011bdictv\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m s lidsk\u00fdm okem je v\u0161ak takov\u00fd, \u017ee m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed limitace, kdy\u017e se sna\u017e\u00edme p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit do mikrosv\u011bta i makrosv\u011bta. Ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho sv\u011bta odv\u00edj\u00edme od ka\u017edodenn\u00edho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. S velikost\u00ed se v\u0161ak poj\u00ed i rychlost – tedy zd\u00e1nliv\u00e1 p\u0159edstava \u010dasu. Bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme-li se...","datePublished":"2019-09-25","dateModified":"2023-05-15","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.hztop.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.hztop.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c0c0e488d5f88ebdb5e32a558e21f6df03f38644814b5677bcd67e16813bee55?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c0c0e488d5f88ebdb5e32a558e21f6df03f38644814b5677bcd67e16813bee55?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"hztop.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.hztop.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a354547_w3554_t1569210912.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.hztop.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a354547_w3554_t1569210912.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.hztop.cz\/uzasny-svet-pod-elektronovym-mikroskopem\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":473,"articleBody":"Co nevid\u00edm, tomu nev\u011b\u0159\u00edm. To je p\u0159\u00edstup mnoha lid\u00ed, jednu z v\u00fdjimek si m\u016f\u017eeme prohl\u00e9dnou ve filmu D\u011bdictv\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m s lidsk\u00fdm okem je v\u0161ak takov\u00fd, \u017ee m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed limitace, kdy\u017e se sna\u017e\u00edme p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit do mikrosv\u011bta i makrosv\u011bta. Ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho sv\u011bta odv\u00edj\u00edme od ka\u017edodenn\u00edho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. S velikost\u00ed se v\u0161ak poj\u00ed i rychlost – tedy zd\u00e1nliv\u00e1 p\u0159edstava \u010dasu. Bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme-li se limitn\u011b do ob\u0159\u00edch rozm\u011br\u016f, ch\u00e1pejte planety \u010di slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy, d\u011bj\u00ed se v\u011bci pomaleji, ne\u017e je tomu u n\u00e1s. Chod \u017eivota v\u0161ak nen\u00ed z\u00e1visl\u00fd na tomto porozum\u011bn\u00ed. Jak dlouho si lid\u00e9 mysleli, \u017ee je zem\u011b placat\u00e1? A zm\u011bnilo to n\u011bco? V\u016fbec nic. Mo\u017en\u00e1 jen p\u00e1r t\u00fdpk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli d\u016fkazy na to, \u017ee je na\u0161e modr\u00e1 planeta vskutku kulat\u00e1, p\u0159i\u0161lo o hlavu. Naopak tomu je p\u0159i ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bj\u016f mikrosv\u011bta. Kolik lid\u00ed zem\u0159elo na infekce, ne\u017e dokto\u0159i pochopili d\u016fle\u017eitost hygieny a \u010dist\u00fdch rukou? Kolik lid\u00ed um\u0159elo na kurd\u011bje (tedy nedostatek vitaminu C)?  Chod mikrosv\u011bta tedy z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje n\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce jej m\u016f\u017eeme pozorovat, t\u00edm v\u00edce m\u016f\u017eeme lidstvu pomoci od r\u016fzn\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed. M\u016f\u017eeme tak\u00e9 vyv\u00edjet nov\u00e9 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e9my proti vr\u00e1sk\u00e1m!  Jak ale pozorovat soubory molekul a samotn\u00e9 molekuly na \u00farovni nanometr\u016f? Zde n\u00e1m odpov\u00ed fyzika kr\u00e1sn\u00fdm vyn\u00e1lezem – elektronov\u00fd mikroskop. Stejn\u011b jako b\u011b\u017en\u00fd optick\u00fd mikroskop obsahuje \u010do\u010dky i prvky, kter\u00e9 vylep\u0161uj\u00ed jeho v\u00fdkon.\tJak to cel\u00e9 fungujeSv\u011bteln\u00fd mikroskop funguje na principu osv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed objekt\u016f fotony. U elektronov\u00e9ho jsou to p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b elektrony. Zdrojem elektronov\u00e9ho svazku je nej\u010dast\u011bji \u017ehaven\u00e9 wolframov\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno. Prost\u0159ed\u00ed uvnit\u0159 komor mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vakuovan\u00e9, a to z toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee mohou b\u00fdt emitovan\u00e9 elektrony jednodu\u0161e pohlceny nap\u0159\u00edklad molekulami kysl\u00edku.  P\u0159i kontaktu se vzorkem m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdm interakc\u00edm: elastick\u00e9mu a neelastick\u00e9mu rozptylu, absorpci, zp\u011btn\u011b odra\u017een\u00fdm elektron\u016fm, vyz\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed Augerov\u00fdch elektron\u016f nebo rentgenov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Obecn\u011b lze detekovat bu\u010f rozptyl, kter\u00fdm m\u016f\u017eeme sledovat nap\u0159\u00edklad rozlo\u017een\u00ed prvk\u016f v krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece. D\u00e1le m\u016f\u017eeme detekovat i zp\u011btn\u011b odra\u017een\u00e9 elektrony.V roce 2017 byla ud\u011blena Nobelova cena za chemii autor\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed si pohr\u00e1li s takzvanou kryogenn\u00ed mikroskopi\u00ed. To je elektronov\u00e1 mikroskopie za velmi n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot (77 K).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u00da\u017easn\u00fd sv\u011bt pod elektronov\u00fdm mikroskopem","item":"https:\/\/www.hztop.cz\/uzasny-svet-pod-elektronovym-mikroskopem\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]